{ "node": { "id": "term:charge-acceptance", "type": "Term", "label": "Charge acceptance", "properties": { "id": "charge-acceptance", "name": "Charge acceptance", "section": "topic-charging", "definition": "How much of the current offered to a battery it can actually absorb at a given state of charge and temperature. It falls as the battery fills and as it cools, which is why regenerative braking and fast charging are limited by the battery rather than the source.", "related": [ "fast-charging", "regenerative-braking", "state-of-power", "derating" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charge-acceptance/", "mentions": [ "state-of-charge" ] } }, "edges": [ { "id": "edge:usedIn/term:charge-acceptance/workflow:charge-session", "source": "term:charge-acceptance", "target": "workflow:charge-session", "type": "usedIn", "properties": { "sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json" } }, { "id": "edge:usedIn/term:charge-acceptance/workflow:native-battery-charge-envelope", "source": "term:charge-acceptance", "target": "workflow:native-battery-charge-envelope", "type": "usedIn", "properties": { "sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json" } }, { "id": "edge:usedIn/term:charge-acceptance/workflow:native-battery-discharge-envelope", "source": "term:charge-acceptance", "target": "workflow:native-battery-discharge-envelope", "type": "usedIn", "properties": { "sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json" } }, { "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:charge-acceptance/topic:topic-charging", "source": "term:charge-acceptance", "target": "topic:topic-charging", "type": "belongsTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json" } }, { "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:charge-acceptance/term:fast-charging", "source": "term:charge-acceptance", "target": "term:fast-charging", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:charge-acceptance/term:regenerative-braking", "source": "term:charge-acceptance", "target": "term:regenerative-braking", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:charge-acceptance/term:state-of-power", "source": "term:charge-acceptance", "target": "term:state-of-power", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:charge-acceptance/term:derating", "source": "term:charge-acceptance", "target": "term:derating", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:mentions/charge-acceptance/state-of-charge", "source": "term:charge-acceptance", "target": "term:state-of-charge", "type": "mentions", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions", "field": "definition", "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:illustratedBy/term:charge-acceptance/visual:derating", "source": "term:charge-acceptance", "target": "visual:derating", "type": "illustratedBy", "properties": { "sourceFile": "visual-pages.json" } }, { "id": "edge:cites/term:charge-acceptance/reference:tomaszewska-charging", "source": "term:charge-acceptance", "target": "reference:tomaszewska-charging", "type": "cites", "properties": { "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json", "scope": "direct technical reference" } } ], "neighbors": [ { "id": "workflow:charge-session", "type": "Workflow", "label": "Find the charge-time limit", "properties": { "id": "charge-session", "title": "Find the charge-time limit", "kind": "protocol", "summary": "The separate Charge session compares power, current, acceptance and CV limits.", "steps": [ "Select a rechargeable cell and pack.", "Open Analysis → Charge session; increase power." ], "example": "A 50 kW source at 400 V cannot deliver 50 kW through a 100 A ceiling; that current limit corresponds to 40 kW.", "observe": "Read the named limiting reason.", "limits": "This differs from the Studio network and requires cell resistance data and product access.", "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/", "label": "Open Design → Charge session", "evidence": [ "js/charger.js" ] } }, { "id": "workflow:native-battery-charge-envelope", "type": "Workflow", "label": "Charge-current envelope worked example", "properties": { "id": "native-battery-charge-envelope", "title": "Charge-current envelope worked example", "kind": "studio", "summary": "Selects the most restrictive cell voltage and temperature current limit.", "steps": [ "Review the block inputs, units and model limits.", "Open the Studio example and run its bundled model.", "Compare the output channels with the numerical checks; change one input and run again." ], "example": "Use the defaults below with Cell voltages = [4, 4.05, 4.02] V, Cell temperatures = [298.15, 318.15, 300] K, Enable = 1 true / false. At 0 s, Allowed current magnitude is 1 A. Additional checks are listed below.", "observe": "Inspect the outputs and numerical checks on the block reference page.", "limits": "The tables are supplied by the model author. Their synthetic defaults do not establish a safe charging or discharging envelope. The example verifies numerical behavior for synthetic parameters. Cell characterization and validation for an intended use are separate tasks.", "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/cosim.html?example=block-battery-charge-envelope", "label": "Open Studio example", "evidence": [ "docs/glossary/native-block-verification.json" ] } }, { "id": "workflow:native-battery-discharge-envelope", "type": "Workflow", "label": "Discharge-current envelope worked example", "properties": { "id": "native-battery-discharge-envelope", "title": "Discharge-current envelope worked example", "kind": "studio", "summary": "Selects the most restrictive cell voltage and temperature current limit.", "steps": [ "Review the block inputs, units and model limits.", "Open the Studio example and run its bundled model.", "Compare the output channels with the numerical checks; change one input and run again." ], "example": "Use the defaults below with Cell voltages = [3.2, 3.1, 3.15] V, Cell temperatures = [298.15, 318.15, 300] K, Enable = 1 true / false. At 0 s, Allowed current magnitude is 2 A. Additional checks are listed below.", "observe": "Inspect the outputs and numerical checks on the block reference page.", "limits": "The tables are supplied by the model author. Their synthetic defaults do not establish a safe charging or discharging envelope. The example verifies numerical behavior for synthetic parameters. Cell characterization and validation for an intended use are separate tasks.", "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/cosim.html?example=block-battery-discharge-envelope", "label": "Open Studio example", "evidence": [ "docs/glossary/native-block-verification.json" ] } }, { "id": "topic:topic-charging", "type": "Topic", "label": "Charging and discharging", "properties": { "id": "topic-charging", "name": "Charging and discharging", "lede": "How current goes in and comes out, and the limits that stop it.", "context": "Separate regulation from availability.", "example": "The same CC–CV law can operate overnight or during a short depot stop.", "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/", "lesson_label": "Open charging quantities" } }, { "id": "term:fast-charging", "type": "Term", "label": "Fast charging", "properties": { "id": "fast-charging", "name": "Fast charging", "section": "topic-charging", "definition": "Charging intended to replenish a specified amount of energy or state of charge in a short time. There is no universal C-rate threshold: performance depends on cell chemistry, temperature, starting state and power limits. High current can increase heating and lithium-plating risk, requiring appropriate limits.", "related": [ "lithium-plating", "c-rate", "cc-cv-charging", "dc-fast-charging", "thermal-management", "mscc" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fast-charging/", "mentions": [ "state-of-charge" ] } }, { "id": "term:regenerative-braking", "type": "Term", "label": "Regenerative braking", "properties": { "id": "regenerative-braking", "name": "Regenerative braking", "section": "topic-charging", "definition": "Using a vehicle’s motor as a generator while slowing down, so braking energy charges the battery in short high-current pulses. A cold or full battery cannot accept it, which is one reason a BMS computes charge power limits continuously.", "related": [ "state-of-power", "fast-charging", "electric-vehicle", "load-profile" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/regenerative-braking/", "mentions": [ "bms" ] } }, { "id": "term:state-of-power", "type": "Term", "label": "State of power", "properties": { "id": "state-of-power", "name": "State of power", "abbr": "SOP", "section": "topic-state", "definition": "The maximum charge or discharge power a battery can deliver for the next few seconds without breaking a voltage, current or temperature limit. The BMS recomputes it continuously from SOC, temperature and resistance and sends it to the motor controller.", "unit": "W", "related": [ "power", "state-of-charge", "continuous-current", "derating", "bms", "state-of-function" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/state-of-power/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:derating", "type": "Term", "label": "Derating", "properties": { "id": "derating", "name": "Derating", "section": "topic-pack", "definition": "Reducing the allowed charge or discharge power as the battery approaches a limit — low temperature, high temperature, high or low SOC, or age. It is how a BMS keeps the cells safe while letting the vehicle do as much as it can.", "related": [ "state-of-power", "bms", "operating-temperature", "fast-charging", "limp-home-mode" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/derating/", "mentions": [ "state-of-charge" ] } }, { "id": "term:state-of-charge", "type": "Term", "label": "State of charge", "properties": { "id": "state-of-charge", "name": "State of charge", "abbr": "SOC", "section": "topic-state", "definition": "How full a cell is, as a fraction of its available capacity. State of charge, like temperature, affects how fast a stored cell ages.", "unit": "%", "related": [ "depth-of-discharge", "ocv-soc-curve", "coulomb-counting", "state-of-health", "bms" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#storage-soc", "example": { "title": "Interpret a charge inventory", "text": "If available capacity is 5 Ah and 3 Ah remains by the chosen estimator, SOC is 60%. A different estimate of available capacity changes this percentage, so compare SOC values only with the capacity convention recorded." }, "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/state-of-charge/", "mentions": [ "usable-capacity" ] } }, { "id": "visual:derating", "type": "Visual", "label": "The limit sets the permitted current", "properties": { "title": "The limit sets the permitted current", "summary": "A requested current is clipped wherever an active limit is lower.", "readout": "Requested current: 8 A. At 50 °C the chosen limit permits 5 A.", "formula": "I_command = min(I_requested, I_limit)", "note": "Breakpoints are invented teaching values, not operating limits for a particular battery.", "software": { "status": "reference", "label": "Reference concept", "body": "A BMS can combine temperature, voltage and equipment limits. The selected breakpoints illustrate logic only; actual limits must be cell-specific.", "href": "https://lemonergy.com/wiki/charging-strategies/" }, "html": "
Illustrative temperature current limit
Illustrative temperature current limitTemperature (°C) versus Current (A). Limit; Permitted command. Interpretation follows the graphs.0-1037.5625942.51260Temperature (°C)Current (A)
LimitPermitted command (dashed)
" } }, { "id": "reference:tomaszewska-charging", "type": "Reference", "label": "Lithium-ion battery fast charging: A review", "properties": { "title": "Lithium-ion battery fast charging: A review", "publisher": "eTransportation", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etran.2019.100011", "type": "Review article", "scope": "CC-CV and alternative charging protocols, transport limitations, degradation and thermal implications; results depend on cell and test conditions. Software behavior is documented separately in Lemonergy block references.", "year": 2019, "authors": [ "Anna Tomaszewska et al." ], "accessed": "2026-10-27" } } ] }