{ "node": { "id": "term:material-recovery-target", "type": "Term", "label": "Material recovery target", "properties": { "id": "material-recovery-target", "name": "Material recovery target", "section": "topic-recycling", "aka": [ "recovery of materials", "material recovery rate" ], "definition": "The EU Battery Regulation's per-element targets for recyclers: by the end of 2027, 90 % of the cobalt, nickel and copper and 50 % of the lithium in waste batteries must be recovered, rising to 95 % and 80 % by the end of 2031. Each rate is the mass of the element recovered in usable form over its mass in the waste batteries.", "related": [ "recycling-efficiency", "collection-target", "eu-battery-regulation", "overall-recovery" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/material-recovery-target/", "mentions": [ "cobalt" ] } }, "edges": [ { "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:material-recovery-target/topic:topic-recycling", "source": "term:material-recovery-target", "target": "topic:topic-recycling", "type": "belongsTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json" } }, { "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:material-recovery-target/term:recycling-efficiency", "source": "term:material-recovery-target", "target": "term:recycling-efficiency", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:material-recovery-target/term:collection-target", "source": "term:material-recovery-target", "target": "term:collection-target", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:material-recovery-target/term:eu-battery-regulation", "source": "term:material-recovery-target", "target": "term:eu-battery-regulation", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:material-recovery-target/term:overall-recovery", "source": "term:material-recovery-target", "target": "term:overall-recovery", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:mentions/material-recovery-target/cobalt", "source": "term:material-recovery-target", "target": "term:cobalt", "type": "mentions", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions", "field": "definition", "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:illustratedBy/term:material-recovery-target/visual:recycling-chain", "source": "term:material-recovery-target", "target": "visual:recycling-chain", "type": "illustratedBy", "properties": { "sourceFile": "visual-pages.json" } } ], "neighbors": [ { "id": "topic:topic-recycling", "type": "Topic", "label": "Recycling and end of life", "properties": { "id": "topic-recycling", "name": "Recycling and end of life", "lede": "What happens to a battery after its first life: reuse, and the recycling routes that recover its materials, step by step.", "context": "Distinguish recovered material from a qualified product.", "example": "High mass recovery alone does not establish battery-grade purity or refining energy demand.", "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/", "lesson_label": "Open process context" } }, { "id": "term:recycling-efficiency", "type": "Term", "label": "Recycling efficiency", "properties": { "id": "recycling-efficiency", "name": "Recycling efficiency", "section": "topic-recycling", "definition": "The mass of a battery that ends up in useful products, as a share of the battery’s mass, calculated by the method fixed under the EU Battery Regulation; separate material recovery targets apply to lithium, cobalt, nickel and copper. Energy recovery by burning does not count.", "unit": "%", "related": [ "collection-target", "recycled-content", "eu-battery-regulation", "material-recovery-target", "overall-recovery" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/recycling-efficiency/", "mentions": [ "cobalt" ] } }, { "id": "term:collection-target", "type": "Term", "label": "Collection and recycling targets", "properties": { "id": "collection-target", "name": "Collection and recycling targets", "section": "topic-recycling", "definition": "The EU Battery Regulation’s quotas: portable batteries collected at 63 % by 2027 and 73 % by 2030, light-means-of-transport batteries at 51 % by 2028, with recycling efficiencies of 65 % for lithium-based batteries by 2025 and 70 % by 2030, and material recovery of 50 % of lithium by 2027 rising to 80 % by 2031.", "unit": "%", "related": [ "eu-battery-regulation", "recycling", "extended-producer-responsibility", "recycled-content", "recycling-efficiency", "material-recovery-target" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/collection-target/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:eu-battery-regulation", "type": "Term", "label": "EU Battery Regulation", "properties": { "id": "eu-battery-regulation", "name": "EU Battery Regulation", "aka": [ "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542" ], "section": "topic-sustainability", "definition": "The European law, in force since 2023, that governs batteries over their whole life: carbon-footprint declarations, recycled-content minimums, due diligence on raw materials, performance and durability requirements, removability, the battery passport and collection and recycling targets.", "related": [ "battery-passport", "carbon-footprint", "recycling", "due-diligence", "critical-raw-materials", "eu-battery-directive" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/eu-battery-regulation/", "mentions": [ "collection-target" ] } }, { "id": "term:overall-recovery", "type": "Term", "label": "Overall recovery", "properties": { "id": "overall-recovery", "name": "Overall recovery", "section": "topic-recycling", "aka": [ "chain recovery", "route recovery" ], "definition": "The share of an element in the feed that ends up in the final product after every step of a recycling route, which is the product of the individual step recoveries. Several steps at 95 to 98 % each can bring a route below 90 %.", "related": [ "material-recovery-target", "recycling-efficiency", "black-mass", "leaching" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/overall-recovery/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:cobalt", "type": "Term", "label": "Cobalt", "properties": { "id": "cobalt", "name": "Cobalt", "section": "topic-sustainability", "definition": "The metal that stabilises layered-oxide cathodes, mined largely in the Democratic Republic of Congo under scrutiny for working conditions. Its price and ethics have driven the industry from LCO and NMC111 towards high-nickel and cobalt-free LFP.", "related": [ "nmc", "lco", "high-nickel", "critical-raw-materials", "due-diligence" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cobalt/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "visual:recycling-chain", "type": "Visual", "label": "A route recovers the product of its steps", "properties": { "title": "A route recovers the product of its steps", "summary": "Each unit passes on a share of what reaches it; the recovery through the route is their product.", "readout": "R = 0.920 × 0.980 × 0.990 × 0.980 = 0.875, 2.5 points under the 90 % the EU asks for cobalt, nickel and copper by the end of 2027. With the other factors fixed, the black-mass yield reaches that row from 0.947.", "formula": "R = y_black mass × η_leach × (1 − c_cake) × r_extraction", "note": "Each factor is held fixed and independent of the others, and metal that is not lost is counted as product. Real plants trade the factors off, and product purity is not modelled. The defaults are the study’s cited process figures for nickel and cobalt.", "software": { "status": "reference", "label": "Reference concept", "body": "battery-core does not model recycling. The Lemonergy closed-loop recycling study runs this chain on a returned fleet, unit by unit, with each default taken from a cited paper.", "href": "../glossary/#topic-recycling" }, "html": "
Share of the metal not yet lost, unit by unit
Share of the metal not yet lost, unit by unitUnit: 0 feed, 1 shred and separate, 2 leach, 3 purify, 4 solvent extraction versus Share of the feed (%). Not yet lost; EU row for 2027: 90 %; EU row for 2031: 95 %. Interpretation follows the graphs.8008519029531004Unit: 0 feed, 1 shred andseparate, 2 leach, 3 purify, 4solvent extractionShare of the feed (%)
Not yet lostEU row for 2027: 90 % (dashed)EU row for 2031: 95 %
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Chain recovery against black-mass yield
Chain recovery against black-mass yieldBlack-mass yield versus Chain recovery (%). Chain recovery; EU row for 2027: 90 %; EU row for 2031: 95 %. Interpretation follows the graphs.700.877.50.85850.992.50.951001Black-mass yieldChain recovery (%)
Chain recoveryEU row for 2027: 90 % (dashed)EU row for 2031: 95 %
" } } ] }